A decentralised digital money network designed for peer-to-peer value transfer without a central issuer. It uses proof of work to secure transactions and relies on a global set of nodes to enforce the rules and maintain a public ledger.
Digital payments; Store of value
Blockchain (linear chain of blocks)
Limited (basic scripting language)
Miners validate transactions by solving cryptographic puzzles.
Proof of Work (PoW)
Decentralized; community-driven
Fixed supply of 21 million BTC; block rewards halve every 4 years (halving).
A decentralised smart-contract platform that lets developers build applications on-chain (DeFi, NFTs, DAOs, stablecoins, etc.). It runs a programmable blockchain secured by proof of stake, where transactions can execute code as part of settlement.
Digital payments; Smart contract platform
Blockchain (supports complex ,Data Structures)
Advanced (Turing-complete programming language, Solidity)
Validators (PoS) or miners (PoW) validate transactions.
Transitioned from Proof of Work (PoW) to Proof of Stake (PoS) with Ethereum 2.0.
Decentralized; with Ethereum Improvement Proposals (EIPs)
No fixed supply; issuance depends on network activity and staking.
A smart-contract blockchain that emphasises formal methods, peer-reviewed research, and a staged approach to scaling and governance. It uses proof of stake and supports decentralised applications and token issuance.
Digital payments; Smart contract platform
Blockchain (layered architecture for scalability)
Supported (Plutus scripting language)
Stakeholders validate transactions.
Ouroboros Proof of Stake (PoS)
Decentralized; with on-chain voting (Voltaire phase)
Fixed supply of 45 billion ADA; staking rewards.
A high-throughput smart-contract blockchain designed for fast, low-cost transactions, often used for DeFi and consumer-facing apps. It uses a proof-of-stake-based design with additional mechanisms to co-ordinate time and ordering at scale.
Digital payments; Smart contract platform
Blockchain (high-throughput, parallel processing)
Supported (Rust, C, C++)
Validators use PoH for timestamping and PoS for consensus.
Proof of History (PoH) combined with Proof of Stake (PoS)
Decentralized; with community involvement
Inflationary model with decreasing issuance over time.
A blockchain network focused on fast payments and settlement, historically associated with cross-border transfer and liquidity use-cases. It uses a consensus model based on trusted validator lists rather than proof of work.
Digital payments; Cross-border payments
Blockchain-like (distributed ledger)
Limited (focused on payments)
Unique node list (UNL) validators agree on transactions.
Ripple Protocol Consensus Algorithm (RPCA)
Semi-centralized (Ripple Labs has significant influence)
Fixed supply of 100 billion XRP; escrow system for releases.
A payment-oriented cryptocurrency originally created as a light-hearted fork of Litecoin, using proof of work. It is mainly used for simple transfers, tipping, and community-driven payments rather than complex smart contracts.
Digital currency; Initially a meme
Blockchain (forked from Litecoin)
Limited (basic scripting)
Miners validate transactions.
Proof of Work (PoW)
Decentralized; community-driven
No fixed supply; inflationary (10,000 DOGE per block).
A multi-chain network designed to connect specialised blockchains (“parachains”) to a central relay chain for shared security and interoperability. It aims to enable cross-chain communication and modular scaling, with on-chain governance and staking.
Digital currency; Interoperability between blockchains
Relay chain and parachains (multi-chain architecture)
Supported (via parachains and Substrate framework)
Validators and nominators secure the network.
Nominated Proof of Stake (NPoS)
On-chain governance with voting and referenda
Inflationary model; staking rewards.
A proof-of-work cryptocurrency created as a faster, lower-fee alternative to Bitcoin, with shorter block times. It is primarily used as a payments and value-transfer network.
Digital currency; Similar to Bitcoin but faster transactions
Blockchain (forked from Bitcoin)
Limited (similar to Bitcoin)
Miners validate transactions.
Proof of Work (PoW)
Decentralized; community-driven
Fixed supply of 84 million LTC; block rewards halve over time.
A decentralised oracle network that supplies blockchains with external data (prices, events, proofs, randomness) needed for smart contracts. It’s infrastructure used across DeFi and other on-chain applications to bridge off-chain and on-chain information.
Decentralized oracle network; Connects smart contracts to real-world data
Blockchain-agnostic (works with multiple chains)
Focused on providing external data to smart contracts
Node operators validate data feeds.
Off-chain consensus for oracles
Decentralized; with staking for node operators
Fixed supply of 1 billion LINK; used for payments and staking.
A decentralised exchange protocol (primarily on Ethereum and other EVM chains) that enables token swaps via automated market-making pools rather than traditional order books. Users trade against liquidity pools funded by liquidity providers who earn fees.
Decentralized exchange protocol
Ethereum blockchain
Advanced (automated market-making protocols)
Ethereum validators
Runs on Ethereum (PoS after Ethereum 2.0)
Decentralized; with UNI token holders voting
Fixed supply of 1 billion UNI; used for governance.
A smart-contract platform built for high throughput and customisable networks, featuring a primary network and the ability to run dedicated blockchains. It supports DeFi, tokenisation, and app deployment with fast finality.
Digital currency; Smart contract platform
Multi-chain architecture (X, P, and C chains)
Supported (EVM-compatible)
Validators reach consensus through repeated sub-sampling.
Avalanche Consensus (a variant of Proof of Stake)
Decentralized; with on-chain voting
Fixed supply of 720 million AVAX; staking rewards.
A payments-focused blockchain designed for fast, low-cost transfers and asset issuance (including tokenised fiat and remittance-style flows). It is commonly positioned for cross-border payments and financial inclusion use-cases.
Digital currency; Cross-border payments
Distributed ledger
Limited (focused on payments and token issuance)
Federated Byzantine Agreement (FBA)
Stellar Consensus Protocol (SCP)
Semi-centralized (Stellar Development Foundation)
Fixed supply of 50 billion XLM; inflation removed in 2019.
A fork of Bitcoin intended to prioritise cheaper, faster on-chain payments by supporting larger blocks. It keeps the “digital cash” emphasis, focusing on day-to-day transaction utility.
Digital currency; Fork of Bitcoin
Blockchain (forked from Bitcoin)
Limited (improved scripting over Bitcoin)
Miners validate transactions.
Proof of Work (PoW)
Decentralized; community-driven
Fixed supply of 21 million BCH; block rewards halve over time.
A scaling ecosystem for Ethereum that includes a widely used proof-of-stake chain and broader infrastructure aimed at improving speed and cost for EVM apps. It supports DeFi and consumer apps while retaining connectivity with Ethereum.
Scaling solution for Ethereum
Sidechains and Plasma chains (Ethereum-compatible)
Supported (EVM-compatible)
Validators secure the network.
Proof of Stake (PoS)
Decentralized; with MATIC token holders voting
Fixed supply of 10 billion MATIC; staking rewards.
A decentralised storage network that incentivises providers to offer disk space and retrieve data, creating a marketplace for storing and accessing files. It’s focused on verifiable storage and long-term data persistence.
Decentralized storage network
Blockchain (focused on decentralized storage)
Limited (focused on storage deals)
Miners prove storage of data.
Proof of Replication (PoRep) and Proof of Spacetime (PoSt)
Decentralized; community-driven
Fixed supply of 2 billion FIL; rewards for storage miners.
A smart-contract platform geared towards high-volume token transfers and stablecoin activity, with an emphasis on content and consumer apps in its early narrative. It supports DeFi and token issuance, and is widely used for on-chain USDT transfers.
Digital currency; Content sharing platform
Blockchain (high-throughput)
Supported (Turing-complete, Solidity-compatible)
Super Representatives validate transactions.
Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS)
Semi-centralized (TRON Foundation)
Fixed supply of 100 billion TRX; staking rewards.
The original Ethereum chain that continued after the 2016 DAO hard fork, maintaining an “immutability” ethos. It supports smart contracts but has a smaller ecosystem compared with Ethereum.
Digital currency; Original Ethereum blockchain
Blockchain (original Ethereum chain)
Supported (Turing-complete)
Miners validate transactions.
Proof of Work (PoW)
Decentralized; community-driven
No fixed supply; inflationary model.
A blockchain platform focused on supply-chain and enterprise use-cases such as traceability, provenance, and logistics data. It combines on-chain records with business workflows, often integrating with real-world tracking and certification.
Supply chain management platform
Blockchain (focused on supply chain and IoT)
Supported (VET supports smart contracts)
Authority nodes validate transactions.
Proof of Authority (PoA)
Semi-centralized (VeChain Foundation)
Fixed supply of 86 billion VET; used for transactions and governance
A privacy-centric cryptocurrency designed to make transactions difficult to trace, using cryptographic techniques that obscure sender, receiver, and amount. It is primarily used for private value transfer rather than smart-contract ecosystems.
Digital currency; Privacy-focused
Blockchain (privacy-focused)
Limited (focused on privacy)
Miners validate transactions.
Proof of Work (PoW)
Decentralized; community-driven
No fixed supply; tail emission after 18.4 million XMR.
A smart-contract platform originally marketed for high performance and developer-friendly deployment, using a delegated proof-of-stake model. It aims to support decentralised applications with low-latency transactions and governance structures.
Digital currency; Smart contract platform
Blockchain (high-throughput)
Supported (WebAssembly-based)
Block Producers validate transactions.
Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS)
Semi-centralized (Block Producers have significant power)
No fixed supply; inflationary model.
Tether is a stablecoin platform whose main product, USDT, is designed to track the US dollar (a 1:1 peg in intent) so users can move “digital dollars” around crypto markets quickly for trading, transfers, and settlement. It’s issued by Tether and exists across multiple chains.
Stablecoin; Pegged to the US dollar
Blockchain (issued on multiple chains)
Limited (focused on stablecoin issuance)
Validators of the underlying blockchain.
Depends on the underlying blockchain (e.g., Ethereum, Tron)
Centralized (Tether Limited)
Backed 1:1 by fiat reserves; supply adjusts based on demand.
IOTA is a distributed ledger designed around machine-to-machine / IoT use-cases, using the “Tangle” (a DAG-style ledger) rather than a traditional blockchain, aiming for feeless or very low-friction transfers and scalability for micro-transactions and data integrity.
Digital currency; Internet of Things (IoT)
Tangle (no blocks or miners)
Limited (focused on IoT and feeless transactions)
Users validate two previous transactions.
Tangle (Directed Acyclic Graph - DAG)
Decentralized; community-driven
Fixed supply of 2.78 billion MIOTA.
Aave is a decentralised lending and borrowing protocol where users supply crypto assets into liquidity pools and others borrow against over-collateral. The AAVE token is used for governance (and broader ecosystem safety mechanisms depending on the version).
Decentralized lending platform
Ethereum blockchain
Advanced (decentralized lending/borrowing protocols)
Ethereum validators
Runs on Ethereum (PoS after Ethereum 2.0)
Decentralized; with AAVE token holders voting
Fixed supply of 16 million AAVE; staking rewards.
Cosmos is an ecosystem focused on blockchain interoperability—helping independent chains communicate and transfer data/assets. Its key interoperability standard is IBC (Inter-Blockchain Communication), which is used to connect chains across the “interchain” universe.
Digital currency; Interoperability between blockchains
Interconnected blockchains (Cosmos Hub)
Supported (via CosmWasm)
Validators secure the network.
Tendermint Proof of Stake (PoS)
Decentralized; with ATOM token holders voting
Inflationary model; staking rewards.
Neo is a smart-contract and digital asset platform aiming to support a “smart economy” (tokenised assets plus decentralised apps). It uses a dual-token model (NEO for network/governance-style participation and GAS for transaction fees), with network governance features for node selection and parameter changes.
Digital currency; Smart contract platform
Blockchain (supports digital assets and smart contracts)
Supported (NeoVM, multiple programming languages)
Consensus nodes validate transactions.
Delegated Byzantine Fault Tolerance (dBFT)
Semi-centralized (Neo Council)
Fixed supply of 100 million NEO; generates GAS tokens.
Maker (MakerDAO / Maker Protocol) is the DeFi system behind the DAI stablecoin on Ethereum, using smart contracts to keep DAI close to 1 USD via overcollateralised positions and protocol parameters. The MKR token is used for governance over the protocol and its risk/parameter decisions.
Governance token; MakerDAO protocol
Ethereum blockchain
Advanced (decentralized stablecoin protocol)
Ethereum validators
Runs on Ethereum (PoS after Ethereum 2.0)
Decentralized; with MKR token holders voting
No fixed supply; used for governance and stability fees.
Tezos is a smart-contract blockchain designed to upgrade itself via built-in governance, so protocol changes can be adopted without contentious hard forks. This “self-amending” approach is central to its design philosophy.
Digital currency; Smart contract platform
Blockchain (self-amending)
Supported (Michelson scripting language)
Bakers (validators) secure the network.
Liquid Proof of Stake (LPoS)
On-chain governance with voting
Inflationary model; staking rewards.
Algorand is a smart-contract blockchain that uses a “Pure Proof of Stake” approach to achieve fast settlement and high throughput while keeping validator selection decentralised through cryptographic randomness. ALGO is the native token used across the network (fees and broader participation incentives).
Digital currency; Smart contract platform
Blockchain (high-throughput)
Supported (Algorand Smart Contracts - ASC1)
Validators are randomly selected.
Pure Proof of Stake (PPoS)
Decentralized; with ALGO token holders voting
Fixed supply of 10 billion ALGO; staking rewards.
Decred is a cryptocurrency focused on resilient, community-led governance, using a hybrid proof-of-work and proof-of-stake design so stakeholders can vote on consensus changes and treasury spending. DCR is the native token used for security, participation, and governance voting.
Digital currency; Hybrid PoW/PoS
Blockchain (focus on governance)
Limited (focused on governance and payments)
Miners and stakeholders validate transactions.
Hybrid Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS)
Decentralized; with on-chain voting
Fixed supply of 21 million DCR; block rewards.
USDC is a US dollar-referenced stablecoin issued by Circle, used widely for payments, trading, and on-chain settlement. It is commonly issued on Ethereum and also available across multiple other networks.
Stablecoin; Pegged to the US dollar
Blockchain (issued on multiple chains)
Limited (focused on stablecoin issuance)
Validators of the underlying blockchain.
Depends on the underlying blockchain (e.g., Ethereum, Solana)
Centralized (Circle and Coinbase)
Backed 1:1 by fiat reserves; supply adjusts based on demand.
BNB is the native token of the BNB Chain ecosystem, used to pay network gas fees and participate in on-chain governance, with additional utility across the wider Binance/BNB ecosystem (including supply reduction via burn mechanisms)
Utility and Network Token
Blockchain (Dual chain architecture: BC and BSC)
Supported (EVM-compatible on BSC)
21 elected validators validate transactions.
Proof of Staked Authority (PoSA)
Decentralized via staking and voting
Fixed supply of 200 million BNB; quarterly burns reduce supply until 100 million remain.
Toncoin (TON) is the native token of The Open Network (TON), a layer-1 blockchain built for high-scale consumer usage and closely integrated with Telegram’s ecosystem. TON is used for transaction fees, network participation (including staking/validation mechanics where applicable), and as the base asset for apps and services built on TON.
Utility and Network Token
Blockchain (Masterchain, Workchains, Shardchains)
Advanced (Turing-complete, FunC)
Validators stake TON to validate blocks.
Proof of Stake (PoS)
Decentralized DAO
Initial supply of 5 billion TON; inflationary model with 0.6% annual issuance for validators.
Shiba Inu began as an Ethereum-based memecoin, but has expanded into a broader community-driven ecosystem with multiple tokens and products. SHIB is the main token, and the ecosystem includes additional tokens and components used for governance and participation depending on the application.
Meme token
Ethereum blockchain
Supported
Ethereum validators
Proof of Stake (PoS)
Community-driven (Doggy DAO)
Initial supply of 1 quadrillion SHIB; burn mechanisms reduce circulating supply over time.
The ASI Alliance is a collaboration uniting Fetch.ai, SingularityNET, and CUDOS to build decentralised AI infrastructure and products (agents, compute, cloud-style services, and related tooling). The alliance describes FET as the core token used for transactions and governance within the broader “ASI” initiative
Utility Token
Ethereum blockchain
Supported (utilizes Ethereum smart contracts)
Ethereum Validators
Proof of Stake (PoS)
Decentralized; with token holder voting through DAO
Merged supply from FET, AGIX, and OCEAN tokens; used for AI services and staking.
Render Network is a decentralised GPU rendering and compute marketplace that connects creators (who need rendering/compute) with node operators supplying GPU power. The RENDER token is used to pay for jobs and co-ordinate incentives across the network.
Utility and Payment Token
Solana Ledger
Supported (utilizes Solana smart contracts)
Validators stake SOL and process transactions via PoH timestamps.
Proof of Stake (PoS) and Proof of History (PoH)
Decentralized; with community governance proposals
Fixed supply of 536m
The Graph is decentralised indexing and querying infrastructure for blockchain data, letting developers access on-chain data through open APIs called subgraphs. GRT is used for staking and incentives among indexers, delegators, and curators who provide and maintain these data services.
Utility and Governance Token
Ethereum blockchain (operates as indexing protocol)
Supported (indexing smart contract data)
Indexers stake GRT to index and serve data; curators signal quality.
Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS)
Decentralized; with GRT token holder voting
Initial supply of 10 billion GRT; inflationary with indexing rewards.
Hedera is a public distributed ledger based on hashgraph consensus (rather than a traditional blockchain), designed for fast finality and high throughput, with services for tokenisation, smart contracts, and consensus messaging. HBAR is used to pay network fees and to secure the network via its proof-of-stake model.
Utility and Network Token
Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) hashgraph structure
Supported (Solidity-compatible smart contracts)
Gossip protocol with virtual voting among nodes.
Hashgraph (aBFT)
Semi-centralized (governed by Hedera Governing Council)
Fixed supply of 50 billion HBAR; released over time from treasury.
Stacks is a Bitcoin layer (often described as a Bitcoin L2) that enables smart contracts and decentralised apps while settling key state to Bitcoin, aiming to bring programmability to Bitcoin without changing Bitcoin itself. It uses mechanisms such as Proof-of-Transfer (PoX) to link Stacks consensus and incentives to Bitcoin
Utility Token
Blockchain (anchored to Bitcoin for security)
Supported (Clarity smart contract language)
Miners spend BTC to mine STX blocks; stackers lock STX.
Proof of Transfer (PoX)
Decentralized; with Stacks Improvement Proposals (SIPs)
Fixed supply of approximately 1.8 billion STX; decreasing issuance over time.
Gala is a Web3 entertainment ecosystem focused on blockchain gaming (and broader digital entertainment), where users can play games, earn rewards, and own in-game items as digital assets. The GALA token is used across the ecosystem for utility and incentives tied to participation and platform activity.
Utility and Governance Token
Ethereum blockchain (ERC-20, migrating to GalaChain)
Supported (gaming-focused smart contracts)
Validators (Founder Nodes) validate transactions.
Proof of Stake (PoS)
Decentralized; with community governance for gaming decisions
Maximum supply of 50 billion GALA; used for gaming ecosystem.
AltLayer is a rollup infrastructure protocol (Rollup-as-a-Service) that helps teams launch custom rollups quickly, and adds “restaked rollups” to improve security, decentralised sequencing, and fast finality by leveraging restaking (commonly referenced alongside EigenLayer-style security bootstrapping). The ALT token is used for network security participation, fees, incentives for operators, and governance.
Utility and Governance Token
Rollup architecture (supports multiple rollup types)
Supported (EVM-compatible rollups)
Operators validate rollup transactions; restaking for security.
Proof of Stake (PoS)
Decentralized; with ALT token holder governance
Fixed supply of 10 billion ALT; used for staking and governance.
ZKsync is an Ethereum Layer-2 scaling network built on zero-knowledge validity proofs (ZK rollups/validiums), batching transactions off-chain and proving them on Ethereum to reduce fees while retaining Ethereum security properties. Its ecosystem token, ZK, is used for community participation/governance and broader ecosystem incentives (and is referenced in airdrop/governance materials under ZK Nation).
Governance token
ZK Rollup (inherits Ethereum security)
Supported (EVM-compatible with zkEVM)
Sequencers batch transactions; ZK proofs verify validity.
ZK Rollup (Ethereum security)
Decentralized; transitioning to community governance
Fixed supply of 21 billion ZK; used for governance and fees.
Arkham is a blockchain intelligence/analytics platform that maps on-chain activity to entities and offers an “Intel Exchange” marketplace for trading crypto intelligence. The ARKM token functions as the marketplace currency, supports incentive mechanisms (intel-to-earn), and is also used for governance over Arkham’s direction and marketplace parameters.
Utility Token
Ethereum blockchain (ERC-20 token)
Supported (intelligence exchange smart contracts)
Ethereum validators secure the network.
Proof of Stake (PoS)
Semi-centralized (Arkham Foundation governance)
Fixed supply of 1 billion ARKM; used for intel bounties and platform access.
Trust Wallet is a non-custodial wallet application that lets users store, manage, and transact with crypto assets while keeping control of their private keys. The TWT token is positioned as an ecosystem utility/governance token used to participate in governance decisions and unlock user engagement/benefit mechanics within the Trust Wallet ecosystem.
Utility and Governance Token
BNB Chain (BEP-20 token)
Supported (utilizes BNB Chain smart contracts)
BNB Chain validators validate transactions.
BEP-20 (BNB Chain PoSA)
Semi-centralized (Trust Wallet team with community input)
Fixed supply of 1 billion TWT; used for discounts and governance.
Raydium is a decentralised exchange and AMM on Solana, providing token swaps and liquidity provision, and it has also expanded into additional trading and launch mechanisms within Solana DeFi. The RAY token is used for staking/incentives and governance, and it is tied to ecosystem features such as liquidity programmes and launchpad participation.
Utility and Governance Token
Solana blockchain (SPL token)
Supported (AMM and liquidity protocols)
Solana validators process transactions.
Solana (PoH + PoS)
Decentralized; with RAY token holder voting
Fixed supply of 555 million RAY; used for staking and liquidity mining.
Mantle is an Ethereum Layer-2 network designed to reduce transaction costs and increase throughput while remaining EVM-compatible, generally described as using an optimistic-rollup style approach with a modular architecture. The MNT token is used for gas fees on the network and for governance via Mantle’s DAO processes.
Utility and Governance Token
Optimistic Rollup (inherits Ethereum security)
Supported (EVM-compatible)
Sequencer batches transactions; fraud proofs for disputes.
Optimistic Rollup (Ethereum security)
Decentralized; with MNT token holder governance
Fixed supply of 6.2 billion MNT; used for gas and governance.
Bittensor is a decentralised AI network that incentivises participants to contribute models, compute, and machine-learning “intelligence” through a crypto-economic reward system. TAO is the network token used for incentives and access/participation (and is commonly described as central to co-ordinating staking/security and rewarding useful contributions).
Utility and Network Token
Blockchain (subnet architecture for AI networks)
Limited (focused on AI inference and training)
Validators evaluate AI model outputs; miners provide compute.
Yuma Consensus / Proof of Intelligence
Decentralized; with subnet-specific governance
Fixed supply of 21 million TAO; halving schedule similar to Bitcoin.
PYUSD is a US dollar-denominated stablecoin issued by Paxos for PayPal, designed primarily for payments and on-chain settlement with a target 1:1 redeemability to USD. It is available on multiple chains (including Ethereum and Solana, per issuer materials) and is backed by reserves described as cash and cash equivalents, including US Treasuries.
Stablecoin
Multi-chain (issued on Ethereum and Solana)
Limited (focused on stablecoin transfers)
Validators of underlying chains (Ethereum, Solana).
Proof of Stake (PoS)
Centralized (PayPal and Paxos)
Backed 1:1 by USD reserves; supply adjusts based on demand.
Polygon is an Ethereum scaling ecosystem, and its widely used Polygon PoS network is an EVM-compatible chain designed to increase throughput and reduce transaction costs relative to Ethereum L1. POL is Polygon’s upgraded native token, used for network participation/security via staking (validators) and for broader ecosystem functions such as fees and governance.
Utility and network token
Multi-chain architecture (Polygon 2.0 ecosystem)
Supported (EVM-compatible)
Validators stake POL to validate transactions.
Proof of Stake
Decentralized; with POL token holder voting
Upgraded from MATIC; 1% annual emission for staking rewards.
World is a project aiming to build a large-scale “proof of personhood” digital identity layer (World ID) and a complementary network/economy where WLD functions as a digital token distributed to verified humans in jurisdictions where it is allowed. WLD is positioned as part of the World Network alongside World ID and user-facing applications (World App).
Utility and Governance Token
Optimistic Rollup on Ethereum (World Chain)
Supported (EVM-compatible)
Optimism sequencer processes transactions.
Optimism L2 (Optimistic Rollup)
Decentralized; transitioning to community governance
Fixed supply of 10 billion WLD; distributed to verified humans.
Internet Computer is a blockchain designed to function like a decentralised “world computer” that can host applications directly on-chain via canisters (smart contracts), with governance run by the Network Nervous System (NNS). ICP is the utility token used for governance participation and rewards, and it can be converted into “cycles” that act as fuel for computation/storage.
Utility and Network Token
Blockchain (canister-based architecture)
Advanced (WebAssembly canisters, multiple languages)
Nodes use chain key cryptography for consensus.
Threshold Relay + Chain Key
Decentralized; with Network Nervous System (NNS)
No fixed supply; inflationary with staking and burning mechanisms.
Ondo Finance is a platform focused on tokenising real-world assets (RWAs), especially US Treasury exposures, and bringing them on-chain through products such as USDY and OUSG. The ONDO token is primarily associated with governance over the ecosystem (and related protocol components), while the product tokens represent the on-chain RWA exposures under defined issuance/redemption rules
Utility and Governance Token
Ethereum blockchain (ERC-20 token)
Supported (tokenized asset protocols)
Ethereum validators secure the network.
Proof of Stake (PoS)
Decentralized; with ONDO token holder governance
Fixed supply of 10 billion ONDO; used for governance and staking.
PAX Gold is a tokenised gold product that represents allocated physical gold held in custody, allowing users to hold and transfer gold exposure on-chain, with redemption and ownership linkage to underlying bullion.
Stablecoin
Ethereum blockchain (ERC-20 token)
Limited (focused on gold-backed transfers)
Ethereum validators secure the network.
Proof of Stake (PoS)
Centralized (Paxos Trust Company)
Each PAXG backed by one fine troy ounce of gold; supply adjusts with demand.
Kaspa is a proof-of-work digital asset network built as a blockDAG to improve throughput while retaining PoW security assumptions, enabling faster confirmation and scalable value transfer.
Utility Token
BlockDAG (parallel block structure for high throughput)
Limited (basic scripting, smart contracts in development)
Miners solve PoW puzzles using kHeavyHash algorithm.
Proof of Work (GHOSTDAG/BlockDAG)
Decentralized; community-driven
Deflationary chromatic emission; smooth halving over time.
Render is a decentralised GPU compute and rendering marketplace that connects creators needing rendering/compute with node operators supplying GPU power, enabling payments and incentives for completed work.
Utility and Network Token
Solana blockchain (migrated from Ethereum)
Supported (GPU rendering job smart contracts)
Solana validators process transactions.
Proof of Stake (PoS)
Decentralized; with RENDER token holder proposals
Fixed supply of 536 million RENDER; used for GPU rendering payments.
GateToken is the ecosystem token associated with Gate.io/GateChain, used for exchange-related benefits (for example fee discounts and access features) and, where applicable, network functions on GateChain such as fees, staking, and governance participation.
Utility and Governance Token
GateChain blockchain (proprietary)
Supported (EVM-compatible)
GateChain validators using PoS consensus.
Proof of Stake (PoS)
Semi-centralized (Gate.io exchange governance)
Initial supply of 300 million GT; buyback and burn mechanism.
First Digital USD is a fiat-referenced stablecoin intended to maintain a 1:1 value with the US dollar, used for trading, transfers, and settlement across supported blockchains.
Stablecoin
Multi-chain (ERC-20 and BEP-20)
Limited (focused on stablecoin transfers)
Validators of underlying chains (Ethereum, BNB Chain).
Solana (PoH + PoS)
Centralized (First Digital Trust Limited)
Backed 1:1 by USD reserves; supply adjusts based on demand.
OFFICIAL TRUMP is a meme token primarily driven by branding and community speculation rather than a defined productive network utility, and is traded as a high-volatility cryptoasset.
Meme token
Solana blockchain (SPL token)
Limited (meme token with basic functionality)
Solana validators process transactions.
Proof of Stake (PoS)
Centralized (issuer-controlled)
Fixed supply of 1 billion TRUMP; vesting schedule for team allocation.
UNUS SED LEO is a platform-linked token designed to support the Bitfinex/iFinex ecosystem, with benefits tied to platform participation and an issuer-led buyback/burn framework.
Utility and Governance Token
Multi-chain (ERC-20 and EOS)
Limited (utility token for exchange)
Ethereum validators secure the network.
Proof of Stake (PoS)
Centralized (Bitfinex/iFinex)
Initial supply of ~1 billion LEO; monthly burns from exchange revenue.
OKX Wrapped BTC is a wrapped representation of Bitcoin designed to allow BTC exposure to be used on supported blockchains and within DeFi, with a 1:1 backing claim to BTC held by the custodian.
Wrapped token
Multi-chain (wrapped Bitcoin representation)
Limited (wrapped asset transfers)
Validators of underlying chains validate wrapped tokens.
Proof of Stake (PoS)
Centralized (OKX exchange custody)
Backed 1:1 by BTC; supply adjusts with wrapping/unwrapping.
Lido is a liquid staking protocol that enables users to stake ETH via the protocol and receive a liquid staking token representing staked ETH, allowing staking rewards while retaining liquidity and DeFi usability.
Governance token
Ethereum blockchain (ERC-20 token)
Advanced (liquid staking protocols)
Ethereum validators secure the network.
Proof of Stake (PoS)
Decentralized; with LDO token holder voting through DAO
Fixed supply of 1 billion LDO; used for governance of staking protocol.
Staked Ether refers to liquid staking tokens that represent staked ETH and accrued staking rewards, enabling users to hold a transferable token while ETH is staked through a staking protocol.
Liquid staking token
Ethereum blockchain (rebasing ERC-20 token)
Supported (liquid staking derivative)
Ethereum validators secure the network.
Proof of Stake (PoS)
Decentralized; governed by Lido DAO
Supply tracks staked ETH; daily rebasing reflects staking rewards.
Rocket Pool is a decentralised liquid staking protocol for Ethereum that allows users to stake ETH and receive rETH, representing a proportional claim to staked ETH plus rewards while maintaining liquidity.
Liquid staking token
Ethereum blockchain (ERC-20 token)
Supported (decentralized staking protocol)
Ethereum validators secure the network.
Proof of Stake (PoS)
Decentralized; governed by Rocket Pool DAO
Value accrues from staking rewards; exchange rate increases over time.
Frax is a stablecoin and DeFi ecosystem that issues stable assets and related infrastructure, with a protocol framework governed through token-holder participation and protocol-defined parameters.
Stablecoin
Multi-chain (Ethereum-native, bridged to others)
Advanced (algorithmic stablecoin protocols)
Ethereum validators secure the network.
Proof of Stake (PoS)
Decentralized; with FXS token holder governance
Fractional-algorithmic stablecoin; supply adjusts with demand.
Frax Share is the governance and utility token for the Frax ecosystem, used to vote on protocol parameters, allocate protocol assets, and participate in protocol incentives and governance-related utilities.
Utility and Governance Token
Ethereum blockchain (ERC-20 token)
Advanced (governance and collateral token)
Ethereum validators secure the network.
Proof of Stake (PoS)
Decentralized; with FXS token holder voting
Fixed supply of ~100 million FXS; used for governance and collateralization.
Ethena is a synthetic dollar protocol built on Ethereum; USDe is its synthetic dollar designed to maintain a value near $1 via delta-hedging crypto collateral using futures/perpetuals and related strategies, offering a crypto-native “dollar” within DeFi.
Stablecoin
Ethereum blockchain (ERC-20 token)
Advanced (delta-neutral synthetic dollar)
Ethereum validators secure the network.
Proof of Stake (PoS)
Decentralized; governed by Ethena DAO
Backed by staked ETH and perpetual futures hedging; supply adjusts with demand.
Ethena is the protocol and ecosystem behind USDe, providing a synthetic dollar framework and related savings/DeFi integrations; the ENA token is used for governance and protocol-level decision-making across Ethena’s operations.
Governance token
Ethereum blockchain (ERC-20 token)
Supported (synthetic dollar governance)
Ethereum validators secure the network.
Proof of Stake (PoS)
Decentralized; with ENA token holder governance
Fixed supply of 15 billion ENA; used for governance and staking.
Aptos is a smart-contract Layer 1 designed for high throughput and low latency, using a proof-of-stake validator set and a BFT-style consensus approach, supporting decentralised applications and on-chain assets.
Utility and Network Token
Blockchain (Move-based parallel processing)
Advanced (Move programming language)
Validators use AptosBFT consensus for parallel execution.
AptosBFT (PoS)
Decentralized; with on-chain governance proposals
Initial supply of 1 billion APT; inflationary with staking rewards.
Arbitrum is an Ethereum Layer 2 scaling network using optimistic rollups to reduce fees and increase throughput while maintaining Ethereum compatibility; the ARB token is used for ecosystem governance via Arbitrum DAO
Governance token
Optimistic Rollup (inherits Ethereum security)
Supported (full EVM compatibility)
Sequencer batches transactions; fraud proofs for disputes.
Optimistic Rollup (Ethereum security)
Decentralized; with ARB token holder governance
Fixed supply of 10 billion ARB; used for governance.
Optimism is an Ethereum Layer 2 scaling network that uses optimistic rollups to lower transaction costs and increase throughput, built around modular infrastructure (OP Stack) for launching EVM-compatible chains; OP is used for ecosystem governance and incentives.
Utility and Governance Token
Optimistic Rollup (inherits Ethereum security)
Supported (full EVM compatibility)
Sequencer batches transactions; fraud proofs for disputes.
Optimistic Rollup (Ethereum security)
Decentralized; bicameral governance (Token House and Citizens House)
Fixed supply of ~4.3 billion OP; inflationary for ecosystem funding.
Celestia is a modular blockchain focused on data availability and consensus, allowing rollups and Layer 2 chains to post data to Celestia while running execution elsewhere, improving scalability through modular design.
Utility and Network Token
Modular blockchain (data availability layer)
Limited (focused on data availability, not execution)
Validators use Tendermint BFT consensus.
Tendermint BFT (PoS)
Decentralized; with TIA token holder governance
Initial supply of 1 billion TIA; inflationary with staking rewards.
Injective is a Cosmos-SDK based Layer 1 built for on-chain finance, enabling spot and derivatives-style markets and other DeFi primitives; INJ is used for network security, fees, and governance, with protocol activity focused on trading applications.
Utility and Governance Token
Cosmos SDK blockchain (interoperable)
Supported (CosmWasm smart contracts)
Validators use Tendermint BFT consensus.
Tendermint BFT (PoS)
Decentralized; with INJ token holder governance
Deflationary; weekly burn auctions reduce supply over time.
Immutable is an Ethereum gaming-focused Layer 2 ecosystem providing ZK-rollup execution layers (including Immutable X and broader zkEVM direction) to enable low-cost, high-throughput gaming/NFT transactions; IMX is used for ecosystem incentives, fees (where applicable), and governance participation.
Utility and Governance Token
ZK Rollup (Immutable X on Ethereum)
Supported (gaming and NFT focused)
StarkEx validators process transactions; ZK proofs.
ZK Rollup (Ethereum security)
Semi-centralized (Immutable Foundation with community input)
Fixed supply of 2 billion IMX; used for staking and fees.
THORChain is a decentralised cross-chain liquidity protocol that enables native asset swaps across multiple blockchains without relying on wrapped assets, using an AMM model and node network to facilitate cross-chain settlement.
Utility and Network Token
Cosmos SDK blockchain (cross-chain liquidity)
Limited (focused on cross-chain swaps)
Validators bond RUNE and use Tendermint BFT.
Tendermint BFT (PoS)
Decentralized; node-based governance
Maximum supply of 500 million RUNE; emission curve for liquidity.
Quant is an enterprise-focused interoperability platform (Overledger) designed to connect and orchestrate applications across multiple public and private ledgers, enabling cross-network workflows and interoperability for institutions; QNT is used for network access and ecosystem participation in the Overledger framework.
Utility Token
Ethereum blockchain (ERC-20 token)
Limited (interoperability protocol token)
Ethereum validators secure the network.
No native consensus (interoperability layer)
Semi-centralized (Quant Network governance)
Fixed supply of ~14.6 million QNT; used for gateway licensing.
Compound is a DeFi money-market protocol that enables users to supply crypto assets to pools and borrow against collateral, with algorithmic interest rates and on-chain risk parameters.
Governance token
Ethereum blockchain (ERC-20 token)
Advanced (decentralized lending protocols)
Ethereum validators secure the network.
Proof of Stake (PoS)
Decentralized; with COMP token holder voting
Fixed supply of 10 million COMP; distributed to protocol users.
Curve is a decentralised exchange focused on stablecoin and like-for-like asset swaps using liquidity pools designed for low slippage and efficient pricing, widely used across DeFi.
Utility and Governance Token
Multi-chain (Ethereum-native, deployed across L2s)
Advanced (stablecoin DEX protocols)
Ethereum validators secure the network.
Proof of Stake (PoS)
Decentralized; with veCRV token holder voting
Initial supply of ~3 billion CRV; decreasing emissions over time.
Synthetix is a DeFi protocol that enables synthetic asset issuance and trading (tokenised exposure to prices) using collateralised positions and protocol mechanisms for pricing and settlement.
Utility and Governance Token
Multi-chain (Ethereum and Optimism)
Advanced (synthetic asset protocols)
Ethereum and Optimism validators.
Proof of Stake (PoS)
Decentralized; with SNX token holder governance
Inflationary model; stakers receive rewards for collateralizing synths.
dYdX is a decentralised trading protocol focused on perpetuals and advanced trading products, enabling derivatives-style exposure with on-chain settlement components.
Governance token
Cosmos SDK blockchain (dYdX Chain)
Advanced (perpetual trading protocols)
Validators use Tendermint BFT consensus (dYdX Chain).
Tendermint BFT (PoS)
Decentralized; with DYDX token holder governance
Fixed supply of 1 billion DYDX; used for staking and governance.
GMX is a decentralised perpetuals exchange protocol enabling leveraged trading via liquidity pools and oracle-based pricing on supported networks.
Utility and Governance Token
Multi-chain (Arbitrum and Avalanche)
Advanced (perpetual DEX protocols)
Arbitrum and Avalanche validators.
Arbitrum L2 (Optimistic Rollup)
Decentralized; with GMX token holder governance
Fixed supply of ~13.25 million GMX; fee sharing with stakers.
PancakeSwap is a decentralised exchange on BNB Chain offering token swaps via AMM liquidity pools, plus broader DeFi features (liquidity provision, farms, and related tools).
Utility and Governance Token
Multi-chain (BNB Chain primary, deployed across chains)
Advanced (DEX and DeFi protocols)
BNB Chain validators validate transactions.
BEP-20 (BNB Chain PoSA)
Decentralized; with CAKE token holder voting
Deflationary; burn mechanism reduces supply over time.
1inch is a DEX aggregator that routes trades across multiple liquidity sources to optimise price and execution, providing swapping and liquidity tools across supported chains.
Utility and Governance Token
Multi-chain (aggregator across multiple chains)
Advanced (DEX aggregation protocols)
Ethereum validators secure the network.
Proof of Stake (PoS)
Decentralized; with 1INCH token holder governance
Fixed supply of 1.5 billion 1INCH; used for governance and staking.
Lido on Solana (where supported) enables liquid staking, allowing users to stake SOL and receive a liquid token representing staked SOL plus accrued rewards, retaining transferability.
Liquid staking token
Solana blockchain (SPL token)
Supported (liquid staking derivative)
Solana validators secure the network.
Solana (PoH + PoS)
Decentralized; governed by Lido DAO
Supply tracks staked SOL; value accrues from staking rewards.
Jupiter is a Solana-based swap and liquidity aggregator that routes trades across Solana DEX venues to optimise execution, and has expanded into broader trading and liquidity tooling.
Utility and Governance Token
Solana blockchain (SPL token)
Advanced (DEX aggregation and perpetuals)
Solana validators secure the network.
Solana (PoH + PoS)
Decentralized; with JUP token holder voting
Fixed supply of 10 billion JUP; large airdrop distribution.
Helium is a decentralised wireless network ecosystem that incentivises deployment of physical hotspots to provide connectivity (IoT and other network services), with on-chain accounting for rewards and network participation.
Utility and Network Token
Solana blockchain (migrated from own chain)
Limited (focused on IoT network coordination)
Validators stake HNT and use consensus.
Solana (PoH + PoS)
Decentralized; with HIP governance proposals
Maximum supply of 223 million HNT; halving every 2 years.
Theta is a decentralised video delivery and edge-compute network designed to incentivise users to share bandwidth and resources for streaming and content distribution.
Utility and Governance Token
Blockchain (dual token system)
Supported (Turing-complete smart contracts)
Enterprise Validator Nodes and Guardian Nodes.
BFT + Proof of Stake
Semi-centralized (Enterprise Validators include major companies)
Fixed supply of 1 billion THETA; TFUEL used for transactions.
NEAR is a smart-contract Layer 1 designed for scalable applications, using a proof-of-stake validator set and architecture aimed at high throughput and developer usability.
Utility and Network Token
Blockchain (sharded for scalability)
Advanced (Rust and AssemblyScript)
Validators use Nightshade sharding and PoS.
Nightshade (PoS sharding)
Decentralized; with NEAR token holder governance
Initial supply of 1 billion NEAR; 5% annual inflation.
Kusama is Polkadot’s canary network used for rapid deployment and experimentation of parachains and upgrades, providing a live environment with shared security and interoperability.
Utility and Network Token
Relay chain and parachains (multi-chain architecture)
Supported (via parachains and Substrate)
Validators and nominators secure the network.
Nominated Proof of Stake (NPoS)
Decentralized; with on-chain governance and referenda
Inflationary model; staking rewards for validators and nominators.
Fantom is a smart-contract Layer 1 (EVM-compatible) designed for fast finality and low fees, supporting DeFi and decentralised applications.
Utility and Network Token
DAG-based blockchain (high throughput)
Supported (EVM-compatible)
Validators use Lachesis aBFT consensus.
Lachesis (aBFT PoS)
Decentralized; with FTM token holder governance
Maximum supply of 3.175 billion FTM; staking rewards.
Sonic is a high-throughput smart-contract network positioned for fast, low-cost execution for decentralised applications, associated with the Fantom ecosystem roadmap and network upgrade direction.
Utility and Network Token
DAG-based blockchain (Fantom successor)
Supported (EVM-compatible with improvements)
Validators use advanced aBFT consensus.
Lachesis (aBFT PoS)
Decentralized; with S token holder governance
Upgraded from FTM; enhanced tokenomics for ecosystem growth.
Astar is a Polkadot ecosystem smart-contract platform designed to support decentralised applications and interoperability, including EVM-compatible execution options.
Utility and Network Token
Polkadot parachain (multi-VM architecture)
Advanced (EVM and WASM support)
Collators produce blocks; Polkadot validators finalize.
Nominated Proof of Stake (Polkadot parachain)
Decentralized; with ASTR token holder governance
Initial supply of 7 billion ASTR; inflationary with dApp staking.
Bitcoin SV is a Bitcoin fork that emphasises larger blocks and on-chain scaling for payments and data use-cases, maintaining a proof-of-work model.
Utility and Network Token
Blockchain (large block size for scaling)
Limited (Bitcoin Script with opcodes restored)
Miners solve PoW puzzles using SHA-256.
Proof of Work (SHA-256)
Decentralized; community-driven
Fixed supply of 21 million BSV; block rewards halve over time.
Bitcoin Gold is a Bitcoin fork that aimed to broaden mining participation by using an alternative proof-of-work algorithm, while retaining Bitcoin-style transfer and UTXO accounting.
Utility and Network Token
Blockchain (forked from Bitcoin)
Limited (basic scripting similar to Bitcoin)
Miners solve PoW puzzles using Equihash.
Proof of Work (Equihash)
Decentralized; community-driven
Fixed supply of 21 million BTG; block rewards halve over time.
Dash is a payments-focused cryptocurrency with faster transaction features and an added masternode layer for network services and governance, alongside proof-of-work mining.
Utility and Network Token
Blockchain (two-tier network architecture)
Limited (focused on payments)
Miners and Masternodes validate transactions.
Proof of Work + Masternodes
Decentralized; with Masternode voting on proposals
Maximum supply of ~18.9 million DASH; decreasing block rewards.
Zilliqa is a smart-contract Layer 1 that uses sharding concepts to improve throughput, supporting decentralised applications and token issuance.
Utility and Network Token
Blockchain (sharded architecture)
Supported (Scilla smart contract language)
Validators use practical BFT with sharding.
pBFT + Proof of Work
Decentralized; with gZIL token holder governance
Maximum supply of 21 billion ZIL; staking rewards.
Kava is a Layer 1 in the Cosmos ecosystem that supports DeFi applications and EVM compatibility, enabling lending/borrowing and other DeFi primitives via on-chain modules and smart contracts.
Utility and Governance Token
Cosmos SDK blockchain (dual-chain architecture)
Advanced (EVM and Cosmos SDK support)
Validators use Tendermint BFT consensus.
Tendermint BFT (PoS)
Decentralized; with KAVA token holder governance
Inflationary model; staking and DeFi rewards.
Osmosis is a Cosmos ecosystem decentralised exchange built around AMM liquidity pools and interchain swaps via IBC, enabling cross-chain DeFi trading and liquidity provision.
Utility and Governance Token
Cosmos SDK blockchain (IBC-enabled)
Supported (CosmWasm smart contracts)
Validators use Tendermint BFT consensus.
Tendermint BFT (PoS)
Decentralized; with OSMO token holder voting
Inflationary with thirdening (reduces by 1/3 annually).
Sei is a high-performance Layer 1 designed for trading and exchange-style applications, using a proof-of-stake validator set and execution optimisations aimed at low latency.
Utility and Network Token
Cosmos SDK blockchain (trading-optimized)
Supported (CosmWasm and EVM)
Validators use Twin-Turbo consensus.
Twin-Turbo Consensus (PoS)
Decentralized; with SEI token holder governance
Fixed supply of 10 billion SEI; staking and ecosystem rewards.
Arweave is a decentralised “permanent storage” network designed to store data long-term, with economic incentives for data availability via its blockweave architecture.
Utility and Network Token
Blockweave (permanent storage structure)
Supported (SmartWeave for lazy evaluation)
Miners use Proof of Access to validate.
Succinct Proofs of Random Access (SPoRA)
Decentralized; community-driven
Maximum supply of 66 million AR; one-time storage payment.
Akash is a decentralised cloud compute marketplace (Cosmos ecosystem) where providers offer compute and users deploy workloads via a competitive marketplace model.
Utility and Governance Token
Cosmos SDK blockchain (IBC-enabled)
Limited (focused on compute marketplace)
Validators use Tendermint BFT consensus.
Tendermint BFT (PoS)
Decentralized; with AKT token holder governance
Maximum supply of ~388 million AKT; inflationary staking rewards.
Storj is a decentralised cloud storage platform using a distributed network of storage nodes coordinated via satellites/uplinks, offering S3-compatible object storage.
Utility Token
Ethereum blockchain (ERC-20 token)
Limited (storage coordination)
Ethereum validators secure the network.
Proof of Stake (PoS)
Semi-centralized (Storj Labs governance)
Fixed supply of 424 million STORJ; used for storage payments.